Media Revolution (BBC 2)

1. How many readers have the dailies lost over the past 10 years?

- 2.25 million.

2. How many readers has the Mirror lost?

- 750,000.

3. How many readers has The Sun lost?

- 400,000.

4. How many readers have the Sunday papers lost?

- 500,000.

5. What effect has advertising has on the newspapers?

- Advertising has declined.

6. What percentage of revenue comes from advertising for local papers?

- 75%. (Revenue is down by 20%)

7. How did Rupert Murdoch revolutionize newspaper production in the mid 80's?

- He moved his papers out of Fleet Street to Wopping with new computerized technology.

8. Which is the only newspaper not to have lost readers over the last year?

- The Sun - Britain.

9. How has this newspaper increased their circulation?

- Cut the price.

10. What have newspapers done to counteract the loss in revenue from advertising?

- Increased the price.

- Include Freebies - EG. Books, CDs, DVDs.

11. What did McFly do which brings together the newspaper and the music industry?

- Gave their new album away as a freebie in the paper.

12. What impact have the 'free' newspapers had on the industry?

- Been said to 'dumb' down content. 55% is News, 44% is Advertisements. "Full of junk"?

13. What impact has the web had on newspaper readers - especially the younger audience?

- Young people want immediacy.

- Want up-to-date news straight away.

14. How has The Telegraph embraced the digital world?

- Moved into new 'high-tech' offices.

- Creating Competition. Figures of articles being read are projected on walls in offices.

15. What effect has online access and globalization had on the industry and readership?

- Distribution - More Widespread.

What role does Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 have in the 'cost of free'?

Web 2.0:

- Web 2.0 uses cookies to monitor our activities.

- Associates with web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing.

- There are adverts on youtube before the video starts.

Web 3.0:

- Web 3.0 can advertise what a person wants based on their previous activity, therefore, web 3.0 is more intelligent and making progress from web 2.0.

- Learns about a personals individual needs, it understands us and our desires and links us with the product or information we want.

- It makes things easier with no extra charge.

- Genius on iTunes knows what music individuals like by filing what they listen to/download.

- Categorizes people by comparing and suggesting products other 'similar' people have bought.

Theorists -

Jaron Lanier - Virtual reality pioneer.

Charles Leadbeater.

Are we losing our individuality on the web?

Is the web making people conform?

The Virtual Revolution

Who invented the web and when?

Tim Berners-Lee, 1991.

What percentage of the world is using the web?

2 Billion people, 25%.

How many people log on to the web each day in Britain?

35 Million.

What is meant by 'The Great Levelling'?

Equal access, Equality, Empowering tool.

Where were the original ideologies for the web based?

San Francisco, 1960s.

What are the counter culture/hippie values embodied in the ideas of the web?

Individual free will, Libiterialism.

What was the first 'web community' called?

The Well - 1985, San Francisco.

When was email born?

1965.

When did the first website go online?

August 6th, 1991.

What was the web originally designed for?

To connect information from different computers.

According to the documentary, how did the creator of the web create 'social and cultural innovation'?

Connect people, resist authority, gave it away for free.

What role did Bill Gates have in the virtual revolution?

He put software on whole PCs, He got paid for software, He pre-installed software on computers.

What share of the market did Microsoft own in the early 90's?

More than 90%.

What effect and influence did Shawn Fanning have on the music industry?

Napster, Share music illegally for free, damaged music industry economy.

According to the record industry how much music is downloaded illegally?

95%.

What is the estimated loss in revenue from the illegal sharing of film, TV and music?

£531 million.

Approximately how much of the webs content is made by amateurs?

1/5.

Who was the creator of youtube and when was the first video posted online?

Chad Hurley, 2005.

Who is Arianna Huffington and what is her impact upon the web?

'The Huffington Post', Combines old and new media. Re-establishing hierarchy.

How many blogs created since 1992 are now dormant?

Over 90% of 130 million.

The Social Network

What themes and issues were dealt with in the film?

Copyright, Fraud, Infringement, Relationships, Legal Disputes, Revolution in communication.

How does the film reflect some of the ideas we have encountered in this unit so far?

What is meant by the great levelling?

Equal access for everyone, equal use, equal opportunity.

What where the original ideologies of the web?

For everyone to be able to use it.

To what extent are we the beneficiaries or victims of change?

How has the virtual revolution changed our world?

We have drawn back from social interaction and now virtually interact with friends. People have more time on their hands because of online shopping and emailing etc.

Who is credited with defining 'The Long Tail' theory?

Chris Anderson.

Can you give an example of how his has effected the music/newspaper/radio industry?

Links

media and the online age

VLE

Twitter

Facebook

The Virtual Revolution

Long Tail Theory

Wired Magazine

Are online media users passive or active? i.e. do they create and upload content or simply watch it?

I think that it all depends on the individual. For example, some people may upload videos to youtube, whereas, some other people will only watch the videos rather than uploading their own content. Another example, Facebook and Twitter users are generally active, posting status' and tweets for others.

The following is a brief timeline of the key events that led to the development of the Internet as it is known today:

• 1958. U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) is established to lead science and military technological developments.

• 1961. Massachusetts Institute of Technology publishes a research paper on packet-switching theory.

• 1961–69. Research into intercomputer communications and networks is ongoing.

• 1969. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), commissioned by the U.S. Department of Defense, goes live; U.S. universities connect network facilities for the first time.

• 1971. Ray Tomlinson creates the first network e-mail application.

• 1973. Protocols to enable multinetwork Internet opportunities are developed; first international ARPANET connections are made.

• 1976. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II sends an e-mail.

• 1978. First spam e-mail is recorded.

• 1980. Tim Berners-Lee develops rules for the World Wide Web and is credited as being the “Web’s father”; Alan Emtage develops the first search tool, known as “Archie.”

• 1982. Standard network protocols are established: transmission control protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol (IP), commonly referred to as TCP/IP.

• 1984. Joint Academic Network (JANET) is established, linking higher-education institutions; domain name system (DNS) is introduced.

• 1985. A company named Symbolics becomes the first registered dot-com domain.

• 1987. U.S. National Science Foundation is the catalyst for the surge in funded work into the Internet; number of Internet hosts increases significantly in this period.

• 1988–1990. Twenty-eight countries sign up to hook up to the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET), reinforcing international Internet potential.

• 1990. U.S. Senator Al Gore coins the term “information superhighway.”

• 1991. Web father Tim Berners-Lee releases the World Wide Web (WWW) with scientists from the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).

• 1992. America Online (AOL) is launched and raises $23 million in flotation; the phrase “surfing the Net” is introduced by Jean Armour Polly; the World Bank goes online.

• 1993. Mainstream media attention increases awareness of the Internet; first Internet publication, Wired, goes on sale; Mosaic introduces the first Web browser with graphical user interface and is the forerunner of Netscape Navigator; first online shopping malls and virtual banks emerge, as does evidence of spam; first clickable banner advertisement is sold by Global Network Navigator to a law firm.

• 1995. Amazon is launched by Jeff Bezos; trial dial-up systems such as AOL and CompuServe launch; charging is introduced for domain names; search technology companies such as Alta Vista, Infoseek, Excite, and MetaCrawler rapidly appear.

• 1996. Yahoo! is launched on the stock exchange, and shares are up nearly 300 percent on its first day.

• 1997. MP3.com is founded; the phrase “search engine optimization” is used for the first time in a Web forum.

• 1998. XML (extensible markup language) is released to enable compatibility between different computer systems; Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

• 1999. Peter Merholz coins the word “blog.”

• 2000. AOL and Time Warner announce they are merging; pay-per-click (PPC) campaigns are introduced for top-ten search rankings; Google AdWords launches, charging for advertisements on a cost-per-mille (CPM, or cost-per-thousand impressions) basis.

• 2002. UK online monthly consumer shopping breaks through the £1 billion barrier; Google AdWords charges on a PPC basis instead of a CPM.

• 2003. EBay topples Amazon as the most visited UK Web site.

• 2004. CD WOW! loses court case and rights to source cheaper compact discs (CDs) outside the European Union, undermining the global concept of the Internet.

• 2005. Iceland leads the world with broadband penetration: 26.7 inhabitants per 100 have broadband compared with 15.9 per 100 in the United Kingdom.

• 2006. Google buys YouTube for $1.6 billion; Facebook membership opens to anyone; Technorati.com notes that a blog is created every second of every day;Time magazine names “You” as person of the year due to online activity. 2007. Apple Surpasses one billion iTunes downloads. Search Engine giant Google surpasses Microsoft as "the most valuable global brand," and also is the most visited website.

• 2008. Firefox 3.0 launches with over eight million downloads in twenty-four hours; Internet usage tops 1,407,724,920 worldwide.

• 2009. An estimated 1,802,330,457 are using the Internet worldwide as of December 31